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Plant Breeding for Abiotic Stress Tolerance
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Plant Breeding for Water-Limited Environments
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Plant Responses to Drought Stress
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Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants
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Plant Breeding for Abiotic Stress Tolerance
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Fundamentals of Neurophysiology
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The Behavioral Neuroscience of the Septal Region
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Cognitive Development in Chimpanzees
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Human and Machine Vision
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![Honighäuschen (Bonn) - This is a book about how Cl- crosses the cell membranes of nerve, muscle, and glial cells. Not so very many years ago, a pamphlet rather than book might have resulted from such an endeavor! One might ask why Cl-, the most abundant biological anion, attracted so little attention from investigators. The main reason was that the prevailing paradigm for cellular ion homeostasis in the 1950s and 1960s assigned Cl- a ther modynamically passive and unspecialized role. This view was particularly prominent among muscle and neuroscience investigators. In searching for reasons for such a negative (no pun intended) viewpoint, it seems to us that it stemmed from two key experimental observations. First, work on frog skeletal muscle showed that Cl- was passively distributed between the cytoplasm and the extracellular fluid. Second, work on Cl- transport in red blood cells confirmed that the Cl- transmembrane distribution was thermodynamically passive and, in addition, showed that Cl- crossed the mem brane extremely rapidly. This latter finding [for a long time interpreted as being the result of a high passive chloride electrical permeability(? CI)] made it quite likely that Cl- would remain at thermodynamic equilibrium. These two observations were gener alized and virtually all cells were thought to have a very high P Cl and a ther modynamically passive Cl- transmembrane distribution. These concepts can still be found in some physiology and neuroscience textbooks.](/wp-content/uploads/9780306434266-300x428.jpg)
Chloride Channels and Carriers in Nerve, Muscle, and Glial Cells
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Neural Tissue Transplantation Research
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